精品久久久久久无码人妻蜜桃-2020国产极品色在线看-国产精品一区二区久久精品-国产精品看高国产精品不卡

全氟化(hua)合物，英文名稱 Perfluoro and polyfluoroalkyl substances，或(huo)者(zhe) Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances，也被稱為(wei) Perfluoroalkyl chemicals，簡稱 PFAS。

全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)是(shi)(shi)一類具有重要應用價值的有機(ji)化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)，其脂肪(fang)烴骨架的氫(qing)原(yuan)子(zi)被氟(fu)(fu)原(yuan)子(zi)取代。全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)羧酸(suan)（Perfluorocarboxylic acids，PFCA）是(shi)(shi)脂肪(fang)酸(suan) （Fatty acid) 全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)的衍生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)，其典(dian)型代表如(ru)全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)辛(xin)酸(suan) （Perfluorooctanoic acid，PFOA）。全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)烷基(ji)(ji)磺酸(suan)，又(you)(you)稱全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)磺酸(suan)（Perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids，PFSA）是(shi)(shi)烷基(ji)(ji)磺酸(suan) （Alkane sulfonic acid 或(huo) Alkyl sulfonic acid) 全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)的衍生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)，其典(dian)型代表如(ru)全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)辛(xin)烷磺酸(suan)，又(you)(you)稱全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)(fu)辛(xin)基(ji)(ji)磺酸(suan) （Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid，PFOS）。

全氟(fu)化(hua)合(he)物具有許多特殊的性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質，如(ru)高穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、低(di)摩(mo)擦系數(shu)、優異的電絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等，因此(ci)被廣泛應(ying)用于表(biao)(biao)面潤滑劑、電子絕(jue)緣材料、藥物等領域。研(yan)究表(biao)(biao)明，全氟(fu)類(lei)化(hua)合(he)物具有持久性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和生物積累性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，生殖毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、誘變毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、發育(yu)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、神經毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、免疫毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等多種(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，是一類(lei)具有全身多臟器(qi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的持久性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環境污染物。毒(du)(du)(du)(du)理學研(yan)究中可觀察(cha)到其具有抑制免疫系統、影響線粒體代謝、導致肝細(xi)胞(bao)損傷、生殖細(xi)胞(bao)受損、降低(di)繁(fan)殖與生育(yu)能力、影響胎兒的晚期發育(yu)、基因表(biao)(biao)達的改(gai)變、干(gan)擾酶(mei)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、破(po)壞細(xi)胞(bao)膜結構、改(gai)變甲(jia)狀腺功能等毒(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。

自2009年(nian)(nian)以來，全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)辛基(ji)磺酸(suan)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)衍生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)（perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its derivatives，PFOS）、全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)辛酸(suan)(Perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)鹽和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)化(hua)合物(wu)已被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)《關(guan)于(yu)持久(jiu)性有機污(wu)染物(wu)斯(si)德哥爾摩(mo)公約》附件B管控名單，除了可接受用途之外(wai)，限制(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)使用。2019年(nian)(nian)10月(yue) ，經公約專(zhuan)家(jia)委員會第(di)15次(ci)會議審(shen)查(cha)通過，建議將全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)己基(ji)磺酸(suan)（Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid ，PFHxS）及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)鹽類和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)化(hua)合物(wu)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)《斯(si)德哥爾摩(mo)公約》附件A管控名單，無特定豁免。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來更多的全(quan)(quan)氟(fu)化(hua)合物(wu)被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)持久(jiu)性有機污(wu)染物(wu)（Persistant Organic Pollutants, POPs)，限制(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)使用，減(jian)少其(qi)(qi)(qi)對環(huan)境和(he)食品(pin)等污(wu)染，讓人類的生(sheng)(sheng)存環(huan)境更加綠色環(huan)保。